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Battle of Longstop Hill (1943)
The 2nd Battle of Longstop Hill or the Capture of Longstop Hill took place in Tunisia during the Tunisia Campaign from 21 to 23 April 1943. The battle was fought for control over the heights of Djebel el Ahmera and Djebel Rhar, together known as Longstop Hill and vicinity, between the British forces of the First Army and German units of the Afrika Korps.〔Blaxland p. 35〕 The infantry of the 78th ''Battleaxe'' Division and Churchill tanks of the North Irish Horse captured Longstop Hill after bitter fighting, in which the tanks created a measure of tactical surprise by driving up the hill, a manoeuvre that only Churchill tanks could achieve. The attackers broke through the German defences, which were the last great natural barrier on the road to Tunis.〔Blackwell pp. 173–75〕〔Sulzberger p. 114〕
==Background==
The Allied effort to capture Tunis in late 1942 following Operation Torch had failed during the Run for Tunis and since the end of the year a stalemate had settled on the theater as both sides paused to re-build their strength. The 5th Panzer Army (Hans-Jürgen von Arnim) defending Tunisia was being strengthened as was the Allied First Army (Kenneth Anderson).〔Watson pp. 66–67〕
In January 1943, the German-Italian Panzer Army (Erwin Rommel) confronting the Eighth Army (Bernard Montgomery) had withdrawn westward and linked up with the 5th Panzer Army which had been confronting the advance of the First Army from the west. Army Group Africa was formed, with the two Axis armies under command of Rommel. In March, the Army Group was defeated by the Eighth Army at the Battle of Medenine and the Battle of the Mareth Line which fell after Rommel's return to Germany.〔''The Oxford Companion to World War II'' (Oxford University Press 2001) edited by I.C.B. Dear. ISBN 0-19-860446-7〕
In the central west, north of Medjez el Bab and some from Tunis, the First Army continued to fight for the dominating, German-held peaks, in the Medjerda Valley. This included a massif with the hills known as Djebel Ahmera and Dejebel Rhar.〔Ford p.53-54〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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